Cache Equalizer: A Cache Pressure Aware Block Placement Scheme for Large-Scale Chip Multiprocessors

This paper describes Cache Equalizer (CE), a novel distributed cache management scheme for large scale chip multiprocessors (CMPs). Our work is motivated by large asymmetry in cache sets usages. CE decouples the physical locations of cache blocks from their addresses for the sake of reducing misses caused by destructive interferences. Temporal pressure at the on-chip last-level cache, is continuously collected at a group (comprised of cache sets) granularity, and periodically recorded at the memory controller to guide the placement process. An incoming block is consequently placed at a cache group that exhibits the minimum pressure. CE provides Quality of Service (QoS) by robustly offering better performance than the baseline shared NUCA cache. Simulation results using a full-system simulator demonstrate that CE outperforms shared NUCA caches by an average of 15.5% and by as much as 28.5% for the benchmark programs we examined. Furthermore, evaluations manifested the outperformance of CE versus related CMP cache designs

Hardware-Oriented Cache Management for Large-Scale Chip Multiprocessors

One of the key requirements to obtaining high performance from chip multiprocessors (CMPs) is to effectively manage the limited on-chip cache resources shared among co-scheduled threads/processes. This thesis proposes new hardware-oriented solutions for distributed CMP caches. Computer architects are faced with growing challenges when designing cache systems for CMPs. These challenges result from non-uniform access latencies, interference misses, the bandwidth wall problem, and diverse workload characteristics. Our exploration of the CMP cache management problem suggests a CMP caching framework (CC-FR) that defines three main approaches to solve the problem: (1) data placement, (2) data retention, and (3) data relocation. We effectively implement CC-FR's components by proposing and evaluating multiple cache management mechanisms.Pressure and Distance Aware Placement (PDA) decouples the physical locations of cache blocks from their addresses for the sake of reducing misses caused by destructive interferences. Flexible Set Balancing (FSB), on the other hand, reduces interference misses via extending the life time of cache lines through retaining some fraction of the working set at underutilized local sets to satisfy far-flung reuses. PDA implements CC-FR's data placement and relocation components and FSB applies CC-FR's retention approach.To alleviate non-uniform access latencies and adapt to phase changes in programs, Adaptive Controlled Migration (ACM) dynamically and periodically promotes cache blocks towards L2 banks close to requesting cores. ACM lies under CC-FR's data relocation category. Dynamic Cache Clustering (DCC), on the other hand, addresses diverse workload characteristics and growing non-uniform access latencies challenges via constructing a cache cluster for each core and expands/contracts all clusters synergistically to match each core's cache demand. DCC implements CC-FR's data placement and relocation approaches. Lastly, Dynamic Pressure and Distance Aware Placement (DPDA) combines PDA and ACM to cooperatively mitigate interference misses and non-uniform access latencies. Dynamic Cache Clustering and Balancing (DCCB), on the other hand, combines DCC and FSB to employ all CC-FR's categories and achieve higher system performance. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed mechanisms and show that they compare favorably with related cache designs

The Judicial System in The United Arab Emirates and the Necessity of Specialized Administrative Judicial System

This research deals with the judicial system of theUnited Arab Emirates, and the judicial control of Administrative acts. As well as the legal basis of the judiciary competera\u27s to deal with administrative disputes. This research also deals with the determinate of the various aspects of the administrative law falling with the scope of the jurisdiction of the judiciary in the U.A.E. and expose the most important judicial application in the field of the administrative decision, it\u27s elements, defects, as well as the judicial decisions related to administrative contracts. This research embraces also the recent development toward the establishment of administrative court in countries such as the U.A.E. and suggests the necessity of the administrative disputes and application of the rules of administrative la

Exploratory Efforts to Manage Power-Aware Memories using Software Generated Hints

This report presents our exploratory efforts for managing main memory power-aware chips. Current state-of-the-art power-aware DRAM chips offer various power modes (active, standby, nap, and powerdown) in order to provide a potential to limit power consumption in the face of increasing demand for performance. Our goal in this study is to utilize and exploit these various power modes for the most effective main memory power management under software control in response to workloads becoming increasingly memory-intensive and data-centric

Dynamique Harmonique d'un Couplage Discret/Continu : Application à un Modèle Unidimensionnel de Voies Ferrées

International audienceDans ce papier, on propose d'étudier un modèle simple de voies ferrées en 1D, à l'aide d'une méthode de couplage entre les milieux discrets et continus. Cette méthode de couplage repose sur une partition de la structure en sous domaines. Un domaine modélisé par une approche continue capable de reproduire le même comportement du matériau que celui produit par une approche discrète. Un second domaine est modélisé par une approche discrète où la structure est endommagée. Entre les deux domaines existe un domaine de transition où un raffinement de l'approche continue sera exigé

Teaching Cybersecurity Using the Cloud

Cloud computing platforms can be highly attractive to conduct course assignments and empower students with valuable and indispensable hands-on experience. In particular, the cloud can offer teaching staff and students (whether local or remote) on-demand, elastic, dedicated, isolated, (virtually) unlimited, and easily configurable virtual machines. As such, employing cloud-based laboratories can have clear advantages over using classical ones, which impose major hindrances against fulfilling pedagogical objectives and do not scale well when the number of students and distant university campuses grows up. We show how the cloud paradigm can be leveraged to teach a cybersecurity course. Specifically, we share our experience when using cloud computing to teach a senior course on cybersecurity across two campuses via a virtual classroom equipped with live audio and video. Furthermore, based on this teaching experience, we propose guidelines that can be applied to teach similar computer science and engineering courses. We demonstrate how cloud-based laboratory exercises can greatly help students in acquiring crucial cybersecurity skills as well as cloud computing ones, which are in high demand nowadays. The cloud we used for this course was the Amazon Web Services (AWS) public cloud. However, our presented use cases and approaches are equally applicable to other available cloud platforms such as Rackspace and Google Compute Engine, among others

Disciplinary liability of the lawyer in the UAE and comparative law- المسؤولية التأديبية للمحامي في القانون الإماراتي والمقارن

المسؤولية التأديبية للمحامي في القانون الإماراتي والمقارن د. محمد عبد الله حمود أستاذ القانون العام المساعد جامعة الشارقة- كلية القانون ملخص البحث : يتناول البحث موضوع المسئولية التأديبية للمحامي في القانون الإماراتي على ضوء قانون المحاماة الإماراتي رقم (23) لسنة1991 وعلى ضوء قضاء تأديب المحامين في المحكمة الاتحادية العليا، وكذلك تحديد هذه المسئولية في قوانين المحاماة المقارنة، في دول كمصر، والكويت، والعراق، ولبنان، والأردن. ويركز البحث على تحديد الأساس القانوني الذي تقوم عليه المسئولية التأديبية للمحامي سواء كان ذلك الأساس يستند إلى فكرة العقد في نطاق القانونين العام أو الخاص أو إلى النصوص القانونية التي يتضمنها قانون المحاماة أو إلى الخدمة العامة التي يقوم بها المحامي في خدمة مرفق القضاء. ويتناول البحث، المخالفات التأديبية التي تؤدي إلى ترتيب المسؤولية التأديبية للمحامي سواء كانت هذه المخالفات ناتجة عن الإخلال بالالتزام القانوني أو الالتزام العقدي أو الالتزام المهني. إضافة إلى ذلك، يوضح البحث الإجراءات والضمانات التأديبية الواجب مراعاتها عند إجراء المحاكمة التأديبية للمحامي والتي تتمثل بالسلطة التي تملك اختصاص التأديب وتحريك الدعوى وإعلانها ونظرها. وكذلك يتناول البحث العقوبات التأديبية التي يجوز توقيعها على المحامي إذا ثبت إخلاله بالتزاماته القانونية والمهنية. وأخيراً، ختمنا البحث بأهم النتائج والتوصيات التي تساهم في إغناء الموضوع

Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome in Pediatric Hematologic- Oncologic Disease: Literature Review and Case Presentation

How to Cite This Article: Arzanian MT, Shamsian BSh, Karimzadeh P, Kajiyazdi M, Malek F, Hammoud M. Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome in Pediatric Hematologic-Oncologic Disease: Literature Review and Case Presentation. Iran J Child Neurol. 2014 Spring 8(2):1-10.ObjectivePosterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a cliniconeuroradiological disease entity, which is represented by characteristic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of subcortical/cortical hyperintensity in T2-weighted sequences. It is more often seen in parietaloccipital lobes, and is accompanied by clinical neurological changes. PRES is a rare central nervous system (CNS) complication in patients with childhood hematologic-oncologic disese and shows very different neurological symptoms between patients, ranging from numbness of extremities to generalized seizure.In this article, we will review PRES presentation in hematologic-oncologic patients. Then, we will present our patient, a 7-year-old boy with Evans syndrome on treatment with cyclosporine, mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) and prednisone, with seizure episodes and MRI finding in favour of PRES. References1. De Laat P, Te Winkel ML, Devos AS, Catsman-Berrevoets CE, Pieters R, van den Heuvel-Eibrink MM. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in childhood cancer. Ann Oncol 2011;22(2):472-8.2. Siebert E, Spors B, Bohner G, Endres M, LimanTG. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in children: radiological and clinical findings - a retrospective analysis of a German tertiary care center. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2013;17(2):169-75.3. Lucchini G, Grioni D, Colombini A, Contri M, De Grandi C, Rovelli A, et al. Encephalopathy Syndrome in Children With Hemato-Oncological Disorders Is Not Always Posterior and Reversible. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008;51:629–33.4. Kim SJ, Im SA, Lee JW, Chung NG, Cho B, Kim HK. Predisposing Factors of Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome in Acute Childhood Leukemia. Pediatr Neurol 2012;47(6):436-42.5. Endo A, Fuchigami T, Hasegawa M, Hashimoto K, Fujita Y, Inamo Y , et al. Posteriorreversible encephalopathy syndrome in childhood: report of four cases and review of the literature. Pediatr Emerg Care 2012;28(2):153-7.6. Won SC, Kwon SY, Han JW, Choi SY, Lyu CJ. Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome in Childhood with Hematologic/Oncologic Diseases. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2009;31(7):505-8.7. Legriel S, Pico F, Azoulay E. Understanding Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome. Annual update in intensive care and emergency medicine. Springer; 2011.P.631-653.8. Malbora B, Avcı Z, Donmez F, Alioğlu B, Alehan F, Alehan F, et al. Posterior reversible leukoencephalopathy syndrome in children with hematologic disorders. Turk J Hematol 2010;27(3):168-76.9. Komur M, Delibas A, Arslankoylu AE, Okuyaz C, Kara E.. Recurrent and atypical posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in a child with hypertension. Ann Indian Acad Neurol 2012;15(3):208-10.10. Dzudie A, Boissonnat P, Roussoulieres A, Cakmak, Mosbah K, Bejui FT, et al. Cyclosporine-Related Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome After Heart Transplantation: Should We Withdraw or Reduce Cyclosporine?: Case Reports. Transplant Proc 2009;41(2):716-20.11. Fuchigami T, Inamo Y, Hashimoto K, Yoshino Y, Abe O, Ishikawa T, et al. Henoch-schönlein purpura complicated by reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome. Pediatr Emerg Care 2010;26(8):583-5.12. Incecik F, Hergüner MO, Altunbasak S, Erbey F, Leblebisatan G. Evaluation of nine children with reversible posterior encephalopathy syndrome. Neurol India 2009;57(4):475-8.13. Chandramohan V, Nagarajan VP, Sathyamoorthi MS, Kumar S, Shanmugasundaram C, Periakaruppan G, et al. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in a child with autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome: Case report and review of literature. J Pediatr Neurosci 2012;7(3):221-4.14. Wright KL, Polito MH, French AE. Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome: A Case Study. Am J Nurs 2012;112(5):36-40.15. Pedraza R, Marik PE, Varon J. Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome: A Review.Crit Care & Shock 2009;12:135-43.16. Morris EB, Laningham FH, Sandlund JT, Khan RB. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in children with cancer. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2007;48(2):152-9.